| Inferno throws 
              up burning questionsBy 
              Chris Kamalendran and Faraza Farook
 Tuesday night's Christmas inferno in Pettah-one of the 
              most devastating fires in recent years has left burning questions 
              which if not resolved early could leave many more people buried 
              in the wreckage of a similar calamity.
 
  While many 
              people are blaming the Colombo Municipal Council for its fire brigade 
              being ill equipped and inefficient in dealing with the blaze the 
              CMC is blaming the AirForce,the Water Board and others in a crisis 
              of shocking chaos.
  The night long 
              blaze had a dilapidated three-storey building at Gas Works Street 
              in Pettah left 20 people dead and scores injured after an explosion 
              in a fire cracker shop engulfed the whole building.
  The tug-of-war 
              between the Air Force and the CMC, over the ownership of fire department 
              equipment, has left Colombo city and its suburbs in jeopardy. While 
              the CMC complains of a lack of funds to purchase new equipment and 
              says the Fire Department is ill equipped to face a crisis. the Air 
              Force, which managed the Fire Brigade till last year says it needs 
              to retain most of the equipment for important work.  Colombo's Deputy Mayor Azath Sally says, "I asked the Air Force 
              Commander to give us at least one water carriage, if they were unwilling 
              to return all the equipment, but he refused." He said the Air 
              Force Commander, during a discussion on this matter early this month 
              had claimed that with new airfields coming up, the Air Force would 
              have to give cover to all the private aviation services.
 
  Caught between 
              a public outcry of poor performance and the reality of being poorly 
              equipped, the Deputy Mayor called on the Prime Minister to intervene 
              to reach a settlement. "Despite all our efforts on Tuesday 
              to get the Army Navy and Air Force to work together, people are 
              still blaming us. They complain that the water came late, this came 
              late and that came late," Mr. Sally said.
  The Fire Brigade 
              struggled for nearly six hours before it finally put out the fire 
              on Wednesday morning. 
  The ill-equipped 
              fire department was not the only issue. The switch in ownership 
              of water distribution in the city posed another challenge to the 
              fire fighters. The hydrants around the site of the blaze were of 
              no use, forcing the Fire Brigade to go all the way to the Beira 
              Lake to get water. The Water Board is also caught in the controversy 
              for failing to maintain the hydrants in the city after it took over 
              ownership from the Municipal Council. 
  Another allegation 
              against the fire department was its late arrival at the scene. While 
              the fire broke out around 8.20 p.m., the fire brigade had arrived 
              only around 8.50 p.m. This was attributed to the chaos that prevailed 
              on the roads, with people gathering at the site making it difficult 
              for the fire brigade to reach its destination.
  The alleged 
              illegal businesses that were carried on for several years are also 
              raising questions. According to Mr. Sally, the CMC does not give 
              licenses for firecracker sales. But the fireworks shop where the 
              blaze started had been in business for several years. 
  Contray to 
              Mr. Sally's claims, shop owners say they are authorised to conduct 
              their businesses and store firecrackers. 
  "We have 
              been given a permit from the District Secretariat and our businesses 
              are not illegal," said V.Chandrakumaran whose shop was damaged 
              in the fire .
  Firecracker 
              stalls flood the city's pavements during festive seasons, and authorities 
              seem to care little. If they were illegal, how did the Municipality 
              allow them? 
  Mr. Sally said 
              the Municiplaity needed to take responsibility for allowing unauthorised 
              businesses to continue but he also protested that there were too 
              many issues to be tackled.
  However, the 
              law seem to be in conflict here. On the one side, the Municipality 
              claims to be issuing licences and on the other, the District Secretariat 
              issues the permit.
  The blame is 
              being passed, the buck is being passed and it might go on till everything 
              goes to blazes. Fire Chief returns 
              fireColombo's 
              Fire Chief J. Kannangara says if there were shortcomings in fighting 
              last Tuesday's fire they were due to a lack of equipment and staff. 
              The Sunday Times interviewed Mr. Kannangara on some of the matters 
              raised. His respose:
 
  There is wide 
              spread criticism that Colombo's Fire Brigade is ill-equipped or 
              inefficient in fighting a major fire.What is your respose?
  We are short 
              of staff and do not have sufficient equipment. After the Central 
              Bank explosion the Fire Brigade was brought under the control of 
              the AirForce and was given back to the CMC last year.During that 
              period all the equipment purchased had been removed by the Air Force. 
              
  During the 
              fire at Pettah last Tuesday the fire brigade bowsers had to depend 
              on the Beira lake for its water as the Hydrants in the city were 
              not working . What was the reason for this ?
  That is correct. 
              Earlier the hydrants were maintained by the CMC , but now they come 
              under the Water Board . Therefore the hydrants are maintained by 
              the Board. There were allegations 
              that the Fire brigade was late to get to the scene ?
  That is not 
              the fault of the fire fighters. Soon after we received the call 
              we dispatched the fire engines, but the crowds who had gathered 
              around the location of the fire hampered our movements. Some of 
              the businessman were worrying us to douse the fire in their shops, 
              but that was not possible.
  The fire department 
              is supposed to carryout regular inspections on buildings in the 
              city. Does this take place ?
  We do about 
              1000 inspections a year and we have come across several buildings 
              that do not maintain proper standards. Some of them do not have 
              ventilation while others do not have a proper access. We have informed 
              the relevant authorities, but no action has been taken. 
  We have also 
              noticed that the license obtained for some of the premises is misused. 
              For instance at this location the license had been obtained for 
              a grocery, but they had stored fire crackers.
  Aren't the 
              fire departments in the city ill-equipped and short staffed to handle 
              major fires?
  There are three 
              sub stations in addition to the main station in the city. We have 
              a staff of 450, but we need 225 more. After several years the treasury 
              has given permission to recruit more people. 
  Given the constraints 
              how did the fire brigade manage to fight the last Tuesday's fire 
              ?We were assisted by the Ports Authority and the Air Force. It took 
              more than six hours to control the fire. One of the problems we 
              faced was that the people did not have a proper exit. The flooring 
              was wooden and as a result the fire spread very fast.
 In the hellfires 
              those devils also came outAmidst 
              the fiery pandemonium around Gas Works Street, the vultures also 
              turned up as usual for widespread looting of jewellery, furniture, 
              electrical goods and other valuables.
 
  Some of the 
              casualties still recovering at the Colombo National Hospital said 
              they found all their jewellery had been removed while they were 
              still to find out what items had been robbed from the wreckage of 
              their houses.
  Anver Mufeeda 
              (45) lost consciousness while trying to escape through the only 
              exit point in the building. When she recovered she found her jewellery 
              had been removed. "I don't know who got me out of the building. 
              But one of the two bangles I was wearing, and both my chains, have 
              been stolen".
  In another 
              horror, where the entire family of seven died inside the building, 
              family members say that household goods including a TV, VCD, refrigerator 
              and a sewing machine had been removed. Among the dead were three 
              females - a mother and two daughters - whose earrings had been removed. 
              "Their ears had not been torn. So the robber appears to have 
              taken his time to remove one earring at a time," a family member 
              said. 
  A. Ravindran, 
              a resident and shop owner in the first floor of the building said, 
              "Looters had made a crater on the wall entering from the back 
              of the building and removing the goods". 
  According to 
              eyewitnesses, the entire building was in darkness soon after the 
              explosion and smoke filled the whole area preventing many victims 
              from getting out. But despite the darkness, the smoke and the chaos 
              the looters apparently found a way of carrying on their deadly business. Deputy 
              Mayor blasts Air ForceColombo's Deputy Mayor Azath Sally admits that the Fire Department 
              is ill equipped but he blames it on the AirForce.
 
  Excerpts of 
              an interview with the Deputy Mayor. 
  The Fire 
              authorities state that they are ill-equipped to meet emergencies. 
              Your comment. It 
              is true. The Air Force retained most of the equipment when they 
              returned the fire Department to the CMC after the emergency lapsed. 
              Several requests in this regard had fallen on deaf ears. When I 
              met the Air Force Commander along with the Fire Chief on December 
              5, he refused to return the vehicles or equipment.
 
  What equipment 
              is the Air Force retainingAll.If they return the equipment we will have an efficient 
              service. When the airport was attacked it was the CMC fire brigade 
              that went first to Katunayake.
 
  What is 
              the solution?The CMC has no money to buy new equipment. We are calling the 
              Prime Minister to intervene and get the equipment back to the CMC.
 
  Till that happens 
              what will you do. If things were so difficult in a three storey 
              building, what would happen if a high-rise building went up in flames.
  We would be 
              helpless. That is why we want the Prime Minister to intervene immediately.
  The CMC 
              had to get water from the Beira Lake, because the Hydrants in the 
              area have not been maintained. Whose is responsible for this?The Water Board.
 
  What about 
              the unauthorised businesses in the ill fated building? There was a lodge that was being run without a license. The 
              cracker shop is actually a grocery. The CMC doesn't give any licences 
              for the sale of crackers. Nobody has a license for fire cracker 
              sales in the city. Most of them start grocery stores and sell crackers. 
              The people living in that building should have informed the CMC 
              about illegal activities.
 
  It's a common 
              sight to see fire cracker stalls in the streets during the festive 
              season. If the CMC doesn't give licenses for cracker sales, how 
              have these people operated over the years? 
  Yes, we take 
              the blame for it. The authorities including myself to look little 
              or no action. This is a lesson for all of us. 
  But my question 
              is why do you let these people sell firecrackers if it is illegal? 
              I 
              would love to change this city overnight. For this, I'll need the 
              co-operation of everybody. There are people working against me. 
              I am doing the best I can.
 
  Nothing 
              has been done regards these firecracker stalls, although they are 
              operating openly without a license? It's not just crackers. How many lodges, massage parlours, 
              brothels, and unauthorised constructions are there ? How many pavements 
              , gullies and drains that are being blocked? These are issues that 
              I like to look into.
 
  This firecracker 
              shop has been there for years. And the oil store adjoining it posed 
              a dangerous situation. Why did the Municipal Council turn a blind 
              eye ? Were you waiting for somebody to petition you? That 
              is what I meant. The CMC has so many issues to deal with. Immediate 
              action has to be taken, but what I can do is limited.
 Dilapidated 
              buildings where precautions go to blazesThe lack 
              of a fire escape and the only exit point being a single spiral staircase 
              for the 40 families in the upper floor of the 80-year-old building 
              on gas Works Street, put several lives in jeopardy when the fire 
              broke out on Tuesday.
 
  Veerasingham 
              Suriyaku-maran, the owner of Saraswathie Stores that was in flames 
              on Tuesday, was inside the shop attending to final accounts for 
              the day with a few of his employees. Suriyakumaran died on the spot 
              when the showcase collapsed on him due to the impact of the explosion. 
              "He was found clutching a bundle of money in his hand," 
              an eyewitness, A. Ravindran said. The other employees had escaped 
              soon after the explosion. 
  Suriyakumaran's 
              brother, V. Chandrakumaran had left the shop a few minutes before 
              the blaze. "When I rushed back to the site, I was told that 
              everybody in the shop had been taken to hospital. But my brother 
              was still in there, dying in the flames and I didn't know," 
              Chandra-kumaran lamented. His sister Chandra-devi, brother-in-law 
              Ratnam Pararasasingham, their children Dhayalini, Suja-tha and Gajan 
              who were in the housing unit on the second floor of the same building 
              were dead when the fire fighters reached them that night. With them 
              was Aramathurai Sivamani, Ratnam's niece, who had come from Jaffna 
              to stay with them. Just 26-years-old, Aramathurai had been engaged 
              and was hoping to go abroad soon. Her hopes were buried with her 
              this week. Her body was being taken to her family in Jaffna on Friday. 
              
  Adjoining Saraswa-thie 
              Stores, was the fireworks shop from where the fire is believed to 
              have broken out. Three male members of the same family died - the 
              owner, his son who had returned from abroad and his brother-in-law 
              - all who, like Suriyakumaran had locked themselves inside the shop 
              to attend to the day's accounts when the fire broke out.
  While the stories 
              of the victims were heart rending the miraculous survival of some 
              of the people was hard to believe. 
  Ravindran had 
              rushed out from his music centre on the first floor of the building 
              the moment he heard an explosion. "That noise wasn't one of 
              fireworks, but something much more powerful," he said Having 
              witnessed the entire incident he said, one boy, an employee of one 
              of the three shops that were ablaze, had gone for a bath around 
              7.30 p.m. He came out safely some three hours after the explosion 
              with no serious injuries. 
  "He had 
              remained inside the bath tub to avoid inhaling any gas. And since 
              the bathroom was situated at the back of the building, the effect 
              on it was minimal." Twenty four-year-old 
              V. Arunachalam is counting his blessings for being among survivors. 
              Coming from Bandarawela, he had joined a grocery store in 4th Cross 
              Street and shared a room with seven others. 
  Also receiving 
              treatment at the National Hospital was Madeena Saleem (48) along 
              with five of daughters, are among those who are breathing a sigh 
              of relief that they escaped with slight injuries.
  Nineteen of 
              those who were rushed to the National Hospital had no external burn 
              injuries but had become unconscious due to excessive inhalation 
              of something like Carbon Monoxide according to Accident service 
              Director, Dr. Anil Jasin-ghe said. Among the casualties were four 
              children. |